From poverty alleviation to productive social policy in Hungary between 1920–1943

Abstract

The essence of poverty care (named Egri Norm, Pécsi Norm, Hungarian Norm) collection and distribution of the benefits were systematically organised and consequently begging was not necessary. Care was provided by religious orders, who visited the poor, after studying their living conditions each beneficiary could receive exactly what s/he needed (e.g. daily meals or food allowances for families, clothes or financial aid, firewood/coal), and actively participated in providing care for the lonely, ill and aged persons as well.

The slogan of “social state” became popular in Hungary in the 1930’s. In Hungary, the new slogan was interpreted as a special national route of development in various social areas (mother and infant protection, child care, Green Cross Movement health protection, care for the poor under a Hungarian Norm system).

Significant principle of social policy: gradualism. “Where vulnerability is the deepest, assistance must not start with providing the maximum of social benefits. If the vulnerable person does not have the necessary morals and knowledge, help must also include simultaneous education and training on housekeeping. Many years of experience have confirmed that the economic conditions of needy individuals should be improved gradually.” (Esztergár, 1939)