DEA-based ranking to assess the energy structures of EU Member States

Abstract

The study ranks the energy structures of the 27 countries of the European Union based on their 2022 energy production and consumption data and GDP indicators. The ranking is based on the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) methodology, specifically Tiered Data Envelopment Analysis (TDEA), using three different models of the common weights method and the tiered Pareto efficiency approach. Although the results show significant differences in the weight vectors for each model, there are many similarities between the country rankings: the same countries can mostly be identified in the top and bottom positions. The results provide a basis for making the functioning of the national economy more efficient, achieving EU environmental and climate goals, and ensuring a more balanced contribution to the overall performance of each member state.