The evolution of the network/spatial structure position of Hungarian medium-sized towns in light of commuting data (2001–2022)

Abstract

Our study examines the transformation of the urban network and spatial structure positions of Hungarian medium-sized towns using data from the 2001, 2011, and 2022 national censuses. Through data analysis, we investigated the towns’ shares in population, commuting flows, and employment, as well as the changes in these indicators over time. We identified the in-commuting zones formed around urban areas. Referring to the internal development of urban regions, we analyzed to what extent these regions are moving towards decentralization and whether advanced polycentric urban areas are emerging in Hungary. It is clearly visible that Budapest and its agglomeration dominate the country, and this dominance is rapidly increasing. A developed, multi-polar agglomeration has only emerged around Budapest, whereas our medium-level urban regions—although they have undergone development—have not increased their relative weight. In our opinion, they have not taken a direction that would allow for the formation of one or more developed secondary poles within the country.