PONTES

Különböző nominális források összekapcsolásának módszertani lépései

Gyimesi Réka — 2023-12-19

The study aims to introduce the steps of creating a database based on historical nominal sources. Two individual level census materials (from 1857 and 1869) and an online genealogy based on vital registers were linked in case of Bonyhád. While the censuses provide a particularized but static picture of the population, creating a database with linking them to the genealogical records offers a dynamic analysis on a broader spectrum

Az egyes felekezetekhez tartozók demográfi ai jellemzői a Magyar Korona országaiban (Magyarország és Horvátország) a 20. század elején/ az első világháború előtt

Nagy Mariann — 2023-12-19

Th e aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the level of modernization and the most important demographic indicators of religions. Correlation analyses, which helped us to draw the conclusion, were produced by Statistica for Windows. Our study is based on statistical publications on national level. Hungary was one of the most diversified countries in terms of religions before World War I. Croatia was different from Hungary in terms of religious diversity, as the majority of its population was Roman Catholic and 25% Orthodox. First, we examine the relationship between religion and mother tongue. Then we analyse the demographic indicators of each religion. What immediately attracts our attention is the great diff erence in all indicators, like crude birth, death, natural increase and marriage rates. But more sophisticated indicators behave in similar manner. There was considerable diff erence in fertility, in rate of infant and child mortality. In addition, seasonality of marriages, marital age and the rates of religiously mixed marriages vary greatly from denomination to denomination. Moreover, there was considerable difference in the demographic indicators of the same religions between Hungary and Croatia.

„Tolna vármegye német községeit három csoportban meglátogatni szándékozom…”

Csibi Norbert — 2023-12-19

The following report was written by György Steuer, Government Commissioner for Germans in Hungary (1922–1929) during his first year in office. His task at that time was to draw up proposals for the Prime Minister for the treatment of Germans in Hungary. The report on his tour in the German villages of the Völgység can be an important source on the local situation of the German village population in the early 1920s. Th e source provides us a kind of snapshot from below on the social and cultural conditions of the German villages of the district, furthermore, it give us insight on their mentality and local socio-political movements. We may see all of this, of course, through the lens worn by Steuer – honed to the focal points indicated in the introductory study. Seeing through Steuer’s eyes, it is also clear that, in addition to economic issues, the school question was at the centre of discussions during the visits of the government commissioners. Also, Steuer did not directly detect the presence of Reichsdeutsch (alldeutsch) in the municipalities, but only referred to it in general, unspecific remarks. Th is further shows how important it is to find sources and aspects of the study of Hungarian–German coexistence, that do not focus attention exclusively on the history of the confl icts, since these were not the fundamental determinants of the events of everyday life.

Múlt, jelen, s jövő – Jubileum a PTE Történettudományi Intézetében

Bordás Bertalan — 2023-12-19

Az árvák védelmezője

István H. Németh — 2023-12-19

In the middle of the 17th century a transformation of states can be observed. The strives of early absolutist states were aimed at the increase of their economic and, in turn, their military potential. These goals were served by social policy measures aimed at increasing economic effi ciency and increasing state revenues. The development of central administration and regulations for orphan aff airs also served to maintain labour force and economic potential. The preservation of orphans’ property was intended to keep the economy going, and in the case of destitutes, orphanages intended to concentrate the workforce. The measures introduced in the German principalities soon appeared in the provinces of the Habsburg Monarchy. In the first quarter of the 17th century, the first theoretical work on orphan aff airs was written, and in the second half of the century it was followed by the first royal decree based on the principles set out in this volume. The aim of these provisions was to ensure the preservation and the control of the assets of the orphans by state means. Similar provisions to the Monarchy’s provinces were enacted in the Hungarian Kingdom in the last third of the 17th century. The offices introduced in the Austrian provinces, the separate Orphan’s Court (árvaszámvevőszék), the keeping of register on orphans (árvakönyv), and the continuous scrutiny of guardians were introduced in the free royal towns in the first third of the 18th century. All of this went parallel with the administrative reforms ordered in towns. The reform measures introduced regarding orphan affairs were realized at a varying pace one town to another, but by the end of the first third of the 18th century, the orphan regulations developed in the Austrian provinces had become established in all the free royal towns.

„Von seiner Hochheit allenthalben recommendiret wird”

Kulcsár Krisztina — 2023-12-19

Based on archival material from the Hungarian Royal Court Chancellery Archive in Budapest, this study examines the extent to which the selection and advancement of offi cials were infl uenced by Prince Albert of Saxony (who became Duke of Saxe-Teschen in 1766). He was appointed by Maria Theresa, his future mother-in-law, as the lieutenantgovernor of the Kingdom of Hungary in late December 1765. From the official papers, it is possible to ascertain the reasons given for changes in personnel in the Hungarian Royal Lieutenancy Council, the primary government body (of which the Prince was the president) responsible for domestic policy in Hungary. The period under consideration is between 1765 and 1771. The influence of Prince Albert, an outsider in Hungary, was hardly discernable in the early four years. Appointments were invariably decided by the sovereign, Queen Maria Theresa. During this time, Prince Albert’s role was mostly limited to proposing individuals for non-salaried, so-called supernumerary posts or honorary councillorships. However, following the introduction of a new, more professinalised administration in 1769, the Hungarian Royal Lieutenancy Council required more experienced and qualified staff. Consequently, Prince Albert had the opportunity to advance his trusted officials who had proven their administrative efficiency. He achieved the promotion of talented secretaries to the rank of councillor, for example, even if it occasially involved unorthodox methods. The sources also show that low-paid, lowerranking officials received a pay increase, and from 1776, a special bonus. Hence, the files of the Hungarian Royal Court Chancellery clearly demonstrate that Prince Albert had an influential role in proposing candidates for administrative offices.

Oktatási és érvényesülési stratégiák a Batthyány család grófi ágán a 18. században

Kökényesi Zsolt — 2023-12-19

The focus of this paper is on the count branch of the Batthyány family, in particular Zsigmond (I.) (†1728) and his son Imre (I.) (1707–1774) and their children. Th rough the examples of two early modern fathers, we can gain an insight into the efforts of the representatives of an old aristocratic family, its side branches, to preserve their family’s position within Hungarian aristocratic society. In what follows, I will reconstruct the role of two heads of families in the assertion of their children, and I will focus in particular on the education and career development of their sons. The family’s educational strategy was based on both tradition and innovation, for example, for several generations it was common to attend Jesuit grammar schools near the family estates (Kőszeg, Sopron) and then the University of Graz, but they also tried to follow current trends, for example Zsigmond (I.) sent one of his sons to Parma and one to Salzburg to be educated, and Imre (I.) integrated the ever-expanding institutional system of the Th eresian period into his schooling strategy. Education was an important prerequisite for the careers of family members, and many of them were able to rise to the ranks of the elite, such as Adam (III) (1703/1704–1782), master of the treasury, Imre (I), incumbent of the Styrian inkolat and judge of the Table of Seven, Ignác (1741–1798), bishop of Transylvania, and József György (1737–1806), vice-president of the Court Chamber.

A katolikus papi hivatás és normatív elvárások a 18. század második és a 19. század első felében

Gőzsy Zoltán — 2023-12-19

In the 18th century, the academic quality of the education of priests steadily increased, and in the last decades of the century the practical application of the acquired knowledge became more and more important. The optimisation of theory and practice led to a strong professionalisation of the vocation of preists. Th e basic concept of this paper is that by the early 19th century, the Catholic clergy, through its internal development and the expectations of secular power, had a vocational identity, the formulation of which was shaped by everyday challenges and feedback.

A vármegyei tisztikarok és karrierutak kutatásának historiográfi ája, forrás- és módszertani lehetőségei

Pintér Tamás — 2023-12-19

The research of the county officers of the 18–19th centuries is a popular topic in Hungarian historical research; however, significant differences can be detected between certain counties and the methodologies used to analyze them. In the course of our work, we briefly introduce the authors and their works, whose methods can serve as examples, and point out what additions should be given to them. In the second half of the work, we present the administration of the selected counties (Baranya and Somogy), the structure of the county officers, and the changes that occurred in them in the period between 1790 and 1848. We also present the traditional archival sources for the history of the two counties, as well as the possibilities provided by digital data mining in addition to the literature and published databases. After all this, we present a general methodology that can serve as a guide for future works dealing with the middle-level public administration.

„jutalmát adom fáradtságuknak”

Szilágyi Adrienn — 2023-12-19

Th e focus of this study is on the retirement of officers of large estates and pension regulations. The pensions have increasingly become part of the career path and employer commitment. At the same time, pensions provided an economic incentive for officers to stay in offi ce, on the other hand, ensured their loyalty to the landlords and their lifelong service. The social side of these measures is also evident, as they imply the provision of care for officers in case of illness or old age. In fact, the insurance also extended to the families of officers, as financial support was available to their surviving widows and orphans, even as the provisions became tighter and more restrictive. I based my analysis on the pension regulations issued by the Károlyi family at different times, and then analysed the evolution of pension payments on the basis of the family’s joint treasury statements. It is clear that the maintenance and payment of pensions was, if not the largest, then a signifi cant investment for the estate government. In later years, the landlords tightened the scope of eligibility precisely on the basis of the size of this expense, until by the second half of the 19th century the landlord had created a pension fund, obliging officers to contribute. Further afield, the employment relationship between large landowners and officers was now a regulated model between worker and employer, established and maintained by the estate government under private law.

Önkormányzatból hivatal?

Dobszay Tamás — 2023-12-19

The study examines the chief steps of Hungarian public administration’s modernisation during the period of dualism, and the role of Gyula Szapáry as a government official, Minister of the Interior and later Prime Minister in the aforementioned process. He had to regulate a disobedient county, as the county under his authority managed to make a stance against the dualist compromise. In consequence of this former experience and his personal views, Szapáry supported and represented the government’s efforts to modernise the counties on conservative social foundations and with a step towards centralisation. As Minister of the Interior he initiated the redefinition of county boundaries, with a crude enforcement of bureaucratic rationalization and without the respect for traditions. As Prime Minster, he attempted to nationalise the municipal-system by transforming the elected county deputy officers into an appointed bureaucracy. His efforts were so much opposed by public opinion, that he could not push his government bills through.

Interjú Dr. habil. Bebesi Györggyel

Kolontári Attila — 2023-12-19

Beszélgetés Kalmár Jánossal, az Eszterházy Károly Katolikus Egyetem (Eger) Történelemtudományi Intézetének professzorával

Forgó András — 2023-12-19

Interjú Dominkovits Péterrel

Gőzsy Zoltán — 2023-12-19

Címnegyed

Barabás Gábor — 2023-12-19

Tartalom

Barabás Gábor — 2023-12-19

Tertullianus tükre társadalomtörténettől történetteológiáig

Gara Misel — 2023-12-19

Történeti forrás és fikció

Barabás Gábor — 2023-12-19

Oroszország, Ukrajna, Rusz.

Barabás Gábor — 2023-12-19

A pápai primátus kiterjedése a jogi gyakorlatra

Papp Regina — 2023-12-19

„Ő császári felsége legkegyelmesebb parancsára” – országgyűlési jelentések a 18. század első feléből

Soós István — 2023-12-19

Társadalmasítás, identitáserősítés és lokális történetírás

Csibi Norbert — 2023-12-19

A pécsi intézményes papnevelés első évszázada

Forgó András — 2023-12-19

Háborús mindennapok egy főispán szemével

Varga Tamás — 2023-12-19

Jakab-hegy, Szentkút, Remeterét

Pilkhoffer Mónika — 2023-12-19

Szerzőink

Csibi Norbert — 2023-12-19

Kolofon

Barabás Gábor — 2024-01-20